Guide to Madeira

Madeira is a sub-tropical archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean and is an autonomous region of Portugal. The archipelago is made up of two populated islands, Madeira and Porto Santo, and two groups of unpopulated islands called the Desertas and Selvagens Islands. Geographically in Africa, it is an ultra-peripheral region of the European Union. It is perhaps best known as the hometown of the Portuguese football (soccer) player Cristiano Ronaldo.

Known worldwide as the Islands of eternal spring, Madeira, "Ilha Jardim" (Garden Island) or "Pearl of the Atlantic", has a mild climate throughout the entire year.

Madeira is 500 km from the African coast and 1,000 km from the European continent, a 1½-hr flight from mainland Portugal and about 4 hours from central Europe.

• Funchal – Island capital and largest city in Madeira, home to tourist resorts, gorgeous panoramas, and local color.
• Calheta — town, home to one of the only working sugarcane mills / rum distilleries on Madeira.
• Câmara de Lobos — The "chamber of the sea lions" is a town near Funchal.
• Machico — second biggest city on Madeira. Includes:
• Porto da Cruz — beach village in the northeastern corner of the island
• Ponta do Sol
• Porto Moniz
• Porto Santo — a separate island to the northeast
• Ribeira Brava — town
• Santa Cruz — city and home of the Madeira airport
• Santana — town, home to its colorful historic thatched houses
• São Vicente

• Ilhas Selvagens — The "Wild Islands", part of the Madeira autonomous region, make up an archipelago near Spain's Canary Islands. The islands are a natural reserve populated only by scientists, and normally off limits for visitors.

The Madeira (muh-DAY-ruh, /mɐ.ˈdɐj.ɾɐ/) Islands are just a short trip from Europe (more or less 4 hours from UK), to a destination where you can combine holidays by the sea, in the mountains or in the city.

Discovered early in the 15th century by the Portuguese navigators João Gonçalves Zarco, Tristão Vaz Teixeira and Bartolomeu Perestrelo, Madeira was an important waypoint on the Cape Route, and is today an autonomous region of Portugal.

Madeira is a popular destination for tourists of all ages. Its constant mild climate – temperatures 20-27 °C – keeps the spring on Madeira all year round. The levadas, an ingenious system of stone- and concrete-lined watercourses distributing water from the rainy north to the dry south, help flowers and crops flourish all year. That's why this island is called the Garden in the Atlantic. The maintenance pathways for these water canals provide wonderful level trails for hiking in the mountains—up to 1861 m—and through the tremendous landscape.

Tourist information

• Madeira Tourism website

Madeira has the same immigration laws as the rest of Portugal, and is therefore part of the Schengen Area.

By plane

If you drive to the airport, ask for directions to the parking area you need; there are seven, and they are badly signposted. Some smaller car rental companies operate from sites near but not at the airport, and provide transport between terminal and depot.

By boat

There are no ferries from any mainland, the only way to transport cargo is by booking containers.

• Cruise ships port here.

By bus

Bus timetables are very confusing as they do not include clear route details. Pay special attention to any footnotes for your route listed on the schedule, as holidays or school days can change the presence of the route.

Tickets can be bought from the driver, who can provide change. For extra-urban buses, fare varies by distance travelled so tell the driver your destination and he'll give you a transfer if necessary. If you'll be taking the bus often, multi-day bus passes are available from most bus companies, but they are limited to one operator, so only useful if you'll by staying in the same general part of Madeira.

There are three bus companies on Madeira.

• Within the city of Funchal, Horarios do Funchal (yellow buses) operates lines no 20/21 Funchal - Monte, line no 29 Funchal - Camacha, no 56 Funchal - Santana (via Ribeiro Frio), no 77 Funchal - Santo Antonio da Serra (via Camacha and Sitio Quarto Estradas), no 81 Funchal - Curral de Freiras and no 103 (Funchal - Arco de Sao Jorge (via Faial, Santana and Sao Horge).
• Connecting the west side of Madeira, Rodoeste (grey/white with red stripe) operates lines no 3 Funchal - Estreito de Camara de Lobos, no 6 Funchal - Arco de Sao Jorge (via Encumeada), no 7 Funchal - Ribeira Brava, no 80 Funchal - Porto Montiz (via Calheta and Prazeres), no 96 Funchal - Jadrim da Serra (Corticeirias), no 139 Funchal - Porto Moniz, no 142 Funchal - Ponta da Pago (via Prazeres) and no 148 Funchal - Boa Morte.
• Connecting the east side of Madeira, S.A.M. (green or white buses) operates lines no 23 Funchal - Machico (Espressbus), no 53 Funchal - Faial (via Airport), no 113 Funchal - Canical (via Airport) and no 156 Funchal - Marocos (via Machico, changes bus at Machico).

All Rodoeste and S.A.M. buses converge in the center of Funchal.

By taxi

Lots of taxis are available in Madeira offering all sights and locations in a round trip for fixed prices.

The ride-hailing app Bolt works in Madeira.

By boat

• There is a car ferry between the main island and the island Porto Santo in the north-east of Madeira, two hours one way, about €25 for an adult per journey: Ferry Service Funchal-Porto Santo

By car

Driving in Madeira is not for the faint-hearted. A few main routes marked "Via Expresso" or "Via Rapida" (VE and VR on maps) are well-maintained, reasonably straight and level, thanks to a large number of tunnels, bridges and viaducts. All other roads are narrow and often steep. If a member of your group really enjoys the challenge of driving up ceaseless-seeming hairpin bends up mountains against oncoming traffic and usually with a sheer cliff face on one (or both) sides, then you may wish to consider hiring a car. Otherwise, it is best not to attempt driving on most of the island and instead to use buses and taxis. Of course a holiday based on public transport is less flexible, but for a driver with less than 100% confidence many of the roads are tiring, stressful and even dangerous. No one should feel ashamed relying on the local bus, taxi and tour drivers (who after all are much better used to this kind of road). If you do decide to drive, then renting via the Internet is usually cheaper than walking-in. Free parking space in Funchal is severely limited: those marked with an M are only for residents, so you have to pay for parking garages.

By tour

Some of the popular hikes, like Pico Ruivo, Levada das 25 Fontes and Levada do Caldeirão Verde are not reachable by public transport, but served by various tour companies, although that often includes a guide for the walk, adding to the cost of transport. Apart from being safer than self-driving, this might still turn out cheaper than car rental, at least for solo travellers. The company Picotransfers offers transport-only tours at about €30 per destination, mostly for the Pico Ruivo hike. This comes with the added benefit of allowing a one-way hike from Pico do Arieiro via Pico Ruivo to Achada do Teixeira, as they can drop you off in one place and pick you up in the other, as opposed to you with your rental car, where you have to walk the same way back to the parking spot.

English is as common as in mainland Portugal, although people will always appreciate it if you try to learn a few words of Portuguese. Note that the Portuguese spoken in Madeira tends to be heavily accented.

• Levadas An impressive system of aqueducts built between 1461 and 1966 to bring water from the mountains to farmland.
• Pico Ruivo and Pico do Arieiro The second and third highest peaks in Portugal.

• Monte Palace Tropical Garden — Magnificent gardens of the former Monte Palace hotel outside of Funchal.
• Jardim Orquídea Orchid garden.
• Fireworks on New Year's Eve The biggest fireworks in the world (Guinness world record 2007). Best places to see the fireworks include the tip of the marina of Funchal, on a cruise ship and Pico dos Barcelos (on the side where you can see the Funchal's marina).
• Miradouro means viewpoint. Splendid views of the island can be seen from various viewpoints, including Pico dos Barcelos, Pico do Arieiro, Pico de Facho
• Curral das Freiras — An isolated town of 2,000 people surrounded by cliffs and peaks near Câmara de Lobos.

• Madeira Skywalk - The Skywalk is a 2-minute walk from Village Cabo Girão.

• Hiking to Pico Ruivo from Achada do Teixeira (1 hr). You can reach the starting point by car. The old route Pico do Arieiro to Pico Ruivo has been closed for a long time, but you can take a car to Pico do Arieiro and walk 1.2 km to the end of that trail. It still gives you the best views but spares you the toughest part where you would climb Pico Ruivo.
• Surfing The Atlantic offers waves for moderate to experienced surfers. Jardim do Mar and Paul do Mar are the most popular surfing places.
• Canyoning in Madeira is great for beginners and pro's alike. Abseiling down high waterfalls and jumping into crystal clear pools of fresh water is something you shouldn't miss.
• Whale and dolphin watching. Various companies offer daily boat tours starting at €30-40, bookable online or from touts at the harbour, often with guaranteed sighting, meaning a free second trip in the rare event that the first one was unsuccessful.
• Water activities, including fishing, sailing, snorkelling, scuba diving.
• Nature activities, including birdwatching and horse riding.

Madeira is popular among digital nomads, especially in cities like Ponta do Sol.

• Madeira wine, of course. Available in many varieties in all supermarkets and specialist shops.

Madeira wine is a fortified wine prized equally for drinking and cooking. There are four major types of Madeira: Malvasia (also known as Malmsey or Malvazia), Bual (or Boal), Verdelho, and Sercial, the latter two being drier.

Poncha is the most traditional drink of Madeira.

See individual city articles for listings. Those below are mostly outside towns.

The emergency service telephone number is 112. Some police in Funchal wear red armbands; this means they speak a language other than Portuguese, mainly English and German. Crime figures for Madeira are very low.

• Internet — In some of the larger towns and cities on Madeira there is public free Wi-Fi Internet access sponsored by the Madeiran government. You'll find a 2-m-tall white and blue board telling you that Wi-Fi is available. There is free access in the airport terminal. Some bars and cafés offer Internet access too.